煤氣是以煤為原料加工制得的含有可燃組分的氣體，它是由多種可燃成分組成的一種氣體燃料；煤氣種類繁多，成分也比較復(fù)雜，一般可分為人工煤氣和天然煤氣兩大類，發(fā)生爐煤氣作為我國主要能源之一的煤炭的一種潔凈利用方式，在我國工業(yè)各行業(yè)被廣泛應(yīng)用。對煤氣的凈化不止是含焦油量、含塵量和含水量的凈化，更重要的煤氣中的含硫量，所以我們要了解煤氣脫硫的重要性和方法。
Coal gas is a kind of gas fuel which is made from coal and contains combustible components. There are many kinds of gas and its components are complex. It can be divided into artificial gas and natural gas. As one of the main energy sources in China, producer gas is widely used in various industries . The purification of gas is not only the purification of tar content, dust content and water content, but also the sulfur content in gas. Therefore, we need to understand the importance and methods of gas desulfurization.
煤氣中的成分主要有一氧化碳、甲烷、炭氫化合物、氫氣、氮氣、二氧化碳，還含有少量的粉塵、水、硫、焦油、萘、氨、苯等雜質(zhì)；煤氣中的硫主要以硫化氫（H2S）和二氧化硫(SO2)形式存在，其中絕大部分是以硫化氫的形式存在，而硫化氫隨煤氣燃燒后轉(zhuǎn)化成二氧化硫形式排放，與燃燒產(chǎn)生的水蒸氣（H2O）結(jié)合成亞硫酸（H2SO3），不但對金屬表面產(chǎn)生腐蝕，還會對大氣環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重污染，影響人體健康；如果用煤氣煉鋼，會降低鋼的質(zhì)量，二氧化硫?qū)μ沾伞⒉Ａ?、高嶺土行業(yè)的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量影響更大。
The main components of the gas are carbon monoxide, methane, carbon hydrogen compounds, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and a small amount of dust, water, sulfur, tar, naphthalene, ammonia, benzene and other impurities; the sulfur in the gas mainly exists in the form of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), most of which exist in the form of hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen sulfide is converted into disulfide with the combustion of the gas Sulfur dioxide is discharged in the form of sulfur oxide, which combines with water vapor (H2O) produced by combustion to form sulphurous acid (H2SO3), which not only corrodes the metal surface, but also causes serious pollution to the atmospheric environment and affects human health. If gas is used to make steel, the quality of steel will be reduced, and sulfur dioxide has a greater impact on the product quality of ceramics, glass and kaolin industries.
綜合以上因素，煤氣脫硫已成為其潔凈度的一個及其重要的指標(biāo)，無論從環(huán)保排放還是保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量來說，煤氣中的這部分硫化氫都是必須要脫除的，煤氣脫硫不僅可以提高煤氣質(zhì)量，同時還可以生產(chǎn)硫磺或硫酸，綜合利用。
Combined with the above factors, gas desulfurization has become an important indicator of its cleanliness. No matter from the perspective of environmental emission or product quality, this part of hydrogen sulfide in gas must be removed. Gas desulfurization can not only improve the quality of gas, but also produce sulfur or sulfuric acid for comprehensive utilization.
煤氣脫硫方法總體分為兩種：熱煤氣脫硫和冷煤氣脫硫。在我們，熱煤氣脫硫尚在試驗研究階段，而冷煤氣脫硫具有比較成熟的技術(shù)。冷煤氣脫硫大體上要分為干法脫硫和濕法脫硫兩種，干法脫硫以氧化鐵法和活性炭法應(yīng)用比較廣泛，濕法脫硫以砷堿法、ADA、改良ADA和栲脫法為主。
There are two kinds of gas desulfurization methods: hot gas desulfurization and cold gas desulfurization. In our country, hot gas desulfurization is still in the experimental research stage, while cold gas desulfurization has relatively mature technology. In general, cold gas desulfurization can be divided into dry desulfurization and wet desulfurization. Iron oxide method and activated carbon method are widely used in dry desulfurization, while arsenic alkali method, ADA, modified ADA and Castanopsis method are mainly used in wet desulfurization.
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2021-03-29
